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1 intervening patent
PATENT TERMS ТНТ №006ам. "вклинившийся" патент (патент, выданный после выдачи другого патента и до подачи заявки на переиздание последнего) -
2 intervening patent
Патенты: "вклинившийся" патент (выданный после выдачи другого патента и до подачи заявки па переиздание последнего) -
3 intervening patent
США "вклинившийся" патент (выданный после выдачи другого патента и до подачи заявки на переиздание последнего)* * *ам. «вклинившийся» патент (патент, выданный после выдачи другого патента и до подачи заявки на переиздание последнего) -
4 patent
1) патент (охранный документ на изобретение, удостоверяющий признание предложения изобретением, его приоритет и исключительное право на него патентообладателя)2) патентовать; патентованный; патентный•- patent applied for
- patent in force
- patent being in force
- patent for a design
- patent for an invention
- patent for a plant
- patent for improvement
- patent in dispute
- patent on a design
- patent pending
- patent referred to
- patent abroad
- patent of addition
- patent of confirmation
- patent of importation
- patent of improvement
- patent of revalidation
- abandoned patent
- additional patent
- adjudicated patent
- AEC-owned patent
- anticipating patent
- apparatus patent
- art patent
- article patent
- assailable patent
- assigned patent
- atomic energy patent
- attackable patent
- attacked patent
- basic patent
- biological patent
- blocking patent
- blocking-off patent
- borderline patent
- British Letters patent
- broad patent
- business method patent
- cancelled patent
- ceased patent
- chemical patent
- cited patent
- collateral patent
- colonial patent
- combination patent
- Commission-owned patent
- communicated patent
- competing patent
- complementary patent
- composition-of-matter patent
- confirmation patent
- conflicting patent
- contestable patent
- copending patents
- corresponding patents
- deadwood patent
- dead-wood patent
- defective patent
- dependent patent
- design letters patent
- device patent
- disputed patent
- divisional patent
- domestic patent
- dominant patent
- dormant patent
- double patent
- dragnet patent
- drug patent
- duplicate patents
- earlier patent
- economic patent
- electrical patent
- European patent
- exclusive patent
- exercisable patent
- existing patent
- expired patent
- exploitable patent
- extended patent
- extinct patent
- fencing-off patent
- final patent
- foreign patent
- forfeited patent
- fortifying patent
- freed patent
- free-lance patent
- French pharmaceutical patent
- granted patent
- home patent
- importation patent
- improvement patent
- incipient patent
- incontestable patent
- independent patent
- indigenous patent
- industrial patent
- industrial development patent
- infringed patent
- infringing patent
- infringing patents
- inoperative patent
- interdependent patents
- intervening patent
- invalid patent
- issued patent
- joint patent
- key patent
- land patent
- lapsed patent
- later patent
- later-dated patent
- legally effective patent
- letters patent
- licensed patent
- litigious patent
- live patent
- machine patent
- main patent
- manufacture patent
- master patent
- material patent
- mechanical patent
- medical patent
- metallurgical patent
- method patent
- minor patent
- modification patent
- more recent patent
- narrow patent
- national patent
- national patent under the PCT
- native's patent
- new use patent
- non-convention patent
- Nordic patent
- not infringed patent
- nuisance patent
- objected patent
- obstructive patent
- old patent
- operative patent
- original patent
- ornamental design patent
- overlapping patents
- paper patent
- parallel patent
- parent patent
- pending patent
- petty patent
- pharmaceutical patent
- pioneer patent
- plant patent
- pooled patent
- posthumous patent
- practicable patent
- printed patent
- prior patent
- process patent
- product patent
- provisional European patent
- questionable patent
- reference patent
- regional patent
- reinstated patent
- reissue patent
- reissued patent
- related patent
- revoked patent
- scarecrow patent
- secret patent
- senior patent
- shot gun patent
- simultaneous patent
- small patent
- software patent
- standard patent
- strain patent
- strong patent
- structure patent
- subordinate patent
- subsequent patent
- subservient patent
- subsidiary patent
- sued upon patent
- suppressed patent
- transfer of technology patent
- unenforceable patent
- unexpired patent
- universal patent
- unjustified patent
- unused patent
- U. S. patent
- useful model patent
- utility patent
- valid patent
- valuable patent
- void patent
- voidable patent
- weak patent
- withheld patent
- world-wide patent
- worthless patent
- X-series patent
- younger patent
- youngest patent* * *патент (охранный документ, представляющий исключительнее право на осуществление, использование и продажу изобретения в течение определенного срока и на определенно» территории) -
5 right
1) право; правопритязание2) правомерный; справедливый; правильный; надлежащий•- right in rem
- right on name
- right on remuneration
- right to a patent
- right to assign
- right to claim priority of filing
- right to exclude others
- right to grant licenses
- right to manufacture
- right to obtain a patent
- right to recall
- right to sell
- right to sublicense
- right to terminate a contract
- right to use
- right confered
- right of action
- right of appeal
- right of author of invention
- right of author of rationalization proposal
- right of authorship
- right of defence
- right of integrity
- right of inventor to remuneration
- right of joint use
- right of owner
- right of ownership
- right of pre-emption
- right of priority
- right of prior use
- right of property
- right of publication
- right of refrain
- right of remuneration
- right of reproduction
- right of rescission
- right of retention
- right of secrecy
- rights of third parties
- right of use
- right of usufructuary
- right of utilization of invention
- acquired rights
- adaptation right
- appropriative right
- chartered right
- commercial right
- constitutional right
- contractual rights
- distribution right
- exclusive right in a mark
- exclusive right in a patent
- exclusive right of the State
- exclusive right to utilization of invention
- future patent rights
- global IP rights
- government's patent right
- inalienable right
- incontestable right
- industrial property right
- infringed right
- inherent right
- intellectual property right
- intervening right
- inventor's right
- legal right
- literary and artistic property right
- material right of inventors
- monopoly right
- moral right
- neighbouring rights
- nonproperty right of inventor
- option right
- patent rights
- patentee's right
- personal nonproperty right
- pre-emption right
- prerogative right
- prior right
- priority right
- property right
- property right of inventor
- proprietary right
- shop right
- sole right
- statute-barred right
- third-party right
- trademark right
- treaty rights
- underlying right
- vested right -
6 right
1) право ( обычно в субъективном смысле); правопритязание2) правомерный; правый; справедливый; правильный; надлежащий6) компенсировать что-л., возмещать ( убытки)•as of right — по праву, по неотъемлему праву;
right at law — право по закону, юридическое право ( подлежащее судебной защите);
right in action — право требования; имущество в требованиях; право, могущее быть основанием для иска;
right in gross — право, "привязанное к личности", персональное право (право пользования чужой землёй, принадлежащее данному лицу персонально, а не производно от владения);
in one's own right — по собственному праву;
right in personam — право обязательственного характера, обязательственное право; относительное право;
right in rem — право вещного характера, вещное право; абсолютное право;
of right — по праву, в силу принадлежащего права;
right to a flag — право на (морской) флаг;
right to attend — право присутствовать (в зале судебного заседания, на заседании палаты законодательного органа и т.д.);
to right a wrong — восстановить справедливость; компенсировать вред;
right to be confronted with witness — амер. право конфронтации ( право обвиняемого на очную ставку со свидетелями обвинения);
right to begin — право начать прения сторон, право первого обращения к суду;
right to counsel — право пользоваться помощью адвоката;
right to education — право на образование;
right to fly a maritime flag — право плавания под морским флагом;
right to jury trial — право на рассмотрение дела судом присяжных;
right to keep and bear arms — право граждан хранить и носить оружие ( поправка II к конституции США);
right to maintenance in old age — право на материальное обеспечение в старости;
right to privacy — см. right of privacy;
right to recover — 1. право на виндикацию 2. право на взыскание убытков;
right to rest and leisure — право на отдых;
right to retain counsel — право нанять адвоката;
right to self-determination — право на самоопределение;
right to social insurance — право на социальное обеспечение;
to right the oppressed — защищать права угнетённых;
right to the patent — право на патент;
right without remedy — право, не обеспеченное судебной защитой;
right of representation and performance — право на публичное исполнение (пьесы, музыкального произведения)
- right of access to courtspre-grant right to a reasonable royalty — право на получение роялти в разумных размерах за нарушение патентных притязаний выложенной заявки до выдачи патента
- right of action
- right of angary
- right of approach
- right of appropriation
- right of assembly
- right of asylum
- right of audience
- right of blood
- right of chapel
- right of choice
- right of common
- right of confrontation
- right of conscience
- right of contribution
- right of counsel
- right of court
- right of defence
- right of dower
- right of eminent domain
- right of enjoyment
- right of entry
- right of escheat
- right of establishment
- right of first refusal
- right of fishery
- right of flooding land
- right of free access
- right of hot pursuit
- right of innocent passage
- rights of legal person
- right of navigation
- right of ownership
- right of passage
- right of patent
- rights of person
- right of personal security
- right of petition
- right of place
- right of possession
- right of pre-emption
- right of primogeniture
- right of priority
- right of prior use
- right of privacy
- right of property
- right of publicity
- right of recourse
- right of redemption
- right of regress
- right of relief
- right of reply
- right of representation
- right of retention
- right of sanctuary
- right of search
- right of settlement
- right of suit
- right of survivorship
- right of taking game
- rights of the public
- right of transit
- right of trial by jury
- right of visit
- right of visit and search
- right of way
- absolute right
- accommodation right
- accrued right
- accused courtroom rights
- administrator's right of retainer
- allied rights
- apparent right
- author's right
- bare right
- base right
- basic rights
- belligerent rights
- beneficial right
- best right
- capitulary right
- celebrity right
- civic rights
- common right
- confrontation right
- conjugal rights
- constitutional rights
- contractual right
- contract right
- customary right
- defeasible right
- derivative right
- dower right
- electoral rights
- enacted right
- equal rights
- equitable right
- exclusive right
- exercisable right
- expectant right
- extrinsic rights
- former right
- full right
- fundamental rights
- future right
- general right
- good right
- grandfather rights
- homestead right
- human rights
- impaired right
- implicit right
- imprescriptible right
- inalienable right
- incidental right
- incorporeal right
- indefeasible right
- individual rights
- indubitable right
- inherent right
- intangible property right
- inter-spousal rights
- intervening right
- intrinsic rights
- junior right
- justiciable right
- legal right
- litigious right
- manorial right
- march-in right
- marital rights
- mere right
- neighbouring rights
- non-property right
- original right
- patent right
- performer's rights
- performing right
- play right
- political rights
- possessive right
- precarious right
- preemption right
- preferential right
- prerogative right
- prescribed right
- prescriptive right
- presumed right
- pretended right
- previous right
- primary rights
- priority right
- prior right
- privacy right
- private rights
- procedural rights
- property right
- property rights on separation
- proprietary right
- public rights
- publishing rights
- real right
- reciprocal rights and obligations
- reserved rights of the States
- reversionary right
- riparian right
- senior right
- serial right
- shop right
- sole right
- sovereign right
- specific right
- sporting rights
- sporting right
- stage right
- states' rights
- statute-barred right
- statutory right
- stipulated right
- subpublication rights
- subrogation right
- substantial rights
- substantive rights
- undivided right
- usufructary right
- valid right
- vested rights
- voting right
- widow right
- generic right
- implied right
- naked right
- preemptive right
- presumptive right
- civil rights -
7 Wolseley, Frederick York
[br]b. 1837 Co. Dublin, Irelandd. 1899 England[br]Irish inventor who developed the first practical sheep shears and was also involved in the development of the car which bore his name.[br]The credit for the first design of sheep shears lies with James Higham, who patented the idea in 1868. However, its practical and commercial success lay in the work of a number of people, to each of whom Frederick Wolseley provides the connecting link.One of three brothers, he emigrated to Australia in 1854 and worked in New South Wales for five years. In 1867 he produced a working model of mechanical sheep shears, but it took a further five years before he actually produced a machine, whilst working as Manager of a sheep station in Victoria. In the intervening period it is possible that he visited America and Britain. On returning to Australia in 1872 he and Robert Savage produced another working model in a workshop in Melbourne. Four years later, by which time Wolseley had acquired the "Euroka" sheep station at Walgett, they tested the model and in 1877 acquired joint patent rights. The machine was not successful, and in 1884 another joint patent, this time with Robert Pickup, was taken out on a cog-gear universal joint. Development was to take several more years, during which a highly skilled blacksmith by the name of George Gray joined the team. It is likely that he was the first person to remove a fleece from a sheep mechanically. Finally, the last to be involved in the development of the shears was another Englishman, John Howard, who emigrated to Australia in 1883 with the intention of developing a shearing machine based on his knowledge of existing horse clippers. Wolseley purchased Howard's patent rights and gave him a job. The first public demonstration of the shears was held at the wool stores of Goldsborough \& Co. of Melbourne. Although the hand shearers were faster, when the three sheep that had been clipped by them were re-shorn using the mechanical machine, a further 2 lb (900 g) of wool was removed.Wolseley placed the first manufacturing order with A.P.Parks, who employed a young Englishman by the name of Herbert Austin. A number of improvements to the design were suggested by Austin, who acquired patents and assigned them to Wolseley in 1895 in return for shares in the company. Austin returned to England to run the Wolseley factory in Birmingham. He also built there the first car to carry the Wolseley name, and subsequently opened a car factory carrying his own name.Wolseley resigned as Managing Director of the company in 1894 and died five years later.[br]Further ReadingF.Wheelhouse, 1966, Digging Stock to Rotary Hoe: Men and Machines in Rural Australia (provides a detailed account of Wolseley's developments).APBiographical history of technology > Wolseley, Frederick York
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8 Stevens, John
[br]b. 1749 New York, New York, USAd. 6 March 1838 Hoboken, New Jersey, USA[br]American pioneer of steamboats and railways.[br]Stevens, a wealthy landowner with an estate at Hoboken on the Hudson River, had his attention drawn to the steamboat of John Fitch in 1786, and thenceforth devoted much of his time and fortune to developing steamboats and mechanical transport. He also had political influence and it was at his instance that Congress in 1790 passed an Act establishing the first patent laws in the USA. The following year Stevens was one of the first recipients of a US patent. This referred to multi-tubular boilers, of both watertube and firetube types, and antedated by many years the work of both Henry Booth and Marc Seguin on the latter.A steamboat built in 1798 by John Stevens, Nicholas J.Roosevelt and Stevens's brother-in-law, Robert R.Livingston, in association was unsuccessful, nor was Stevens satisfied with a boat built in 1802 in which a simple rotary steam-en-gine was mounted on the same shaft as a screw propeller. However, although others had experimented earlier with screw propellers, when John Stevens had the Little Juliana built in 1804 he produced the first practical screw steamboat. Steam at 50 psi (3.5 kg/cm2) pressure was supplied by a watertube boiler to a single-cylinder engine which drove two contra-rotating shafts, upon each of which was mounted a screw propeller. This little boat, less than 25 ft (7.6 m) long, was taken backwards and forwards across the Hudson River by two of Stevens's sons, one of whom, R.L. Stevens, was to help his father with many subsequent experiments. The boat, however, was ahead of its time, and steamships were to be driven by paddle wheels until the late 1830s.In 1807 John Stevens declined an invitation to join with Robert Fulton and Robert R.Living-ston in their development work, which culminated in successful operation of the PS Clermont that summer; in 1808, however, he launched his own paddle steamer, the Phoenix. But Fulton and Livingston had obtained an effective monopoly of steamer operation on the Hudson and, unable to reach agreement with them, Stevens sent Phoenix to Philadelphia to operate on the Delaware River. The intervening voyage over 150 miles (240 km) of open sea made Phoenix the first ocean-going steamer.From about 1810 John Stevens turned his attention to the possibilities of railways. He was at first considered a visionary, but in 1815, at his instance, the New Jersey Assembly created a company to build a railway between the Delaware and Raritan Rivers. It was the first railway charter granted in the USA, although the line it authorized remained unbuilt. To demonstrate the feasibility of the steam locomotive, Stevens built an experimental locomotive in 1825, at the age of 76. With flangeless wheels, guide rollers and rack-and-pinion drive, it ran on a circular track at his Hoboken home; it was the first steam locomotive to be built in America.[br]Bibliography1812, Documents Tending to Prove the Superior Advantages of Rail-ways and Steam-carriages over Canal Navigation.He took out patents relating to steam-engines in the USA in 1791, 1803, and 1810, and in England, through his son John Cox Stevens, in 1805.Further ReadingH.P.Spratt, 1958, The Birth of the Steamboat, Charles Griffin (provides technical details of Stevens's boats).J.T.Flexner, 1978, Steamboats Come True, Boston: Little, Brown (describes his work in relation to that of other steamboat pioneers).J.R.Stover, 1961, American Railroads, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Transactions of the Newcomen Society (1927) 7: 114 (discusses tubular boilers).J.R.Day and B.G.Wilson, 1957, Unusual Railways, F.Muller (discusses Stevens's locomotive).PJGR -
9 user
1) потребитель, пользователь2) пользование; право пользования•- end user
- information user
- intermediate user
- intervening user
- joint user
- patent information user
- prior user
- registered user
- remote user
- scheduled user -
10 damage
1) ущерб; убыток; вред | причинять ущерб, убыток, вред; повреждать2) pl возмещение убытков; убытки (в значении "возмещение убытков")•damages at large — полная сумма действительно понесённых убытков;
damage by cattle — потрава;
damage done — причинённый ущерб;
damage per crime — средний ущерб, средние размеры, сумма убытков от одного преступления;
to ask for damages — подать иск о взыскании убытков;
damage to property — имущественный, материальный ущерб;
- added damagesto undo the damage — загладить, возместить ущерб;
- aggravated damages
- aggregate damage
- agreed damages
- agreed and liquidated damages
- alternative damages
- amenity damages
- anticipatory damages
- apprehended damage
- bodily damage
- civil damages
- claimed damage
- compensable damages
- compensatory damages
- consequential damages
- contemptuous damages
- continuing damage
- direct damages
- double damages
- excessive damages
- exemplary damages
- fee damages
- general damages
- indirect damages
- intervening damages
- irreparable damage
- land damages
- liquidated damages
- malicious damage
- money damages
- moral damage
- necessary damages
- nominal damages
- patent damage
- pecuniary damages
- penal damages
- permanent damages
- presumptive damages
- property damage
- prospective damages
- proximate damages
- punitive damages
- remote damages
- riotous damage
- sentimental damage
- special damages
- specific damage
- speculative damages
- stipulated damages
- substantial damages
- treble damages
- unliquidated damages
- unrepaired damage
- vindictive damages
- punitory damages -
11 process
1) приказ суда, особ. приказ о вызове в суд2) процедура; порядок; производство дел; судопроизводство; процессуальные нормы; судебный процесс | начинать процесс; возбуждать обвинение; преследовать в судебном порядке•process in practice — судебный приказ, изданный в процессе производства по делу;
to process a case — начинать дело; возбуждать обвинение; преследовать в судебном порядке;
to process a charge — возбуждать обвинение;
to process a patent application — рассматривать, подвергать экспертизе заявку на патент;
- process of lawprocess to compel appearance — судебный приказ о явке обвиняемого в суд;
- process of prosecution
- process of the court
- adjudicatory process
- amendable process
- amending process
- appeals process
- appeal process
- arrest process
- bastardy process
- civil process
- compulsory process
- constitutional process
- court processes
- correctional process
- criminal process
- criminal justice process
- due process of law
- enforcement process
- entrance process
- executory process
- extradition process
- final process
- follow-up process
- forged process
- intermediate process
- investigation process
- judicial process
- jury process
- juvenile process
- law enforcement process
- lawful process
- legal process
- legal-correctional process
- legislative process
- mesne process
- nominating process
- original process
- procedural due process of law
- regular process
- regulatory process
- remedial process
- review process
- statutory process
- substantive due process of law
- trustee process
- verbal process
- appellate process
- intervening process -
12 Sommeiller, Germain
[br]b. 15 March 1815 St Jeoire, Haute-Savoie, Franced. 11 July 1874 St Jeoire, Haute-Savoie, France[br]French civil engineer, builder of the Mont Cénis tunnel in the Alps.[br]Having been employed in railway construction in Sardinia, Sommeiller was working as an engineer at the University of Turin when, in 1857, he was commissioned to take charge of the French part in the construction of the 13 km (8 mile) tunnel under Mont Cénis between Modane, France, and Bardonècchia, Italy. This was to be the first long-distance tunnel through rock in the Alps driven from two headings with no intervening shafts; it is a landmark in the history of technology thanks to the use of a number of pioneering techniques in its construction.As steam power was unsuitable because of the difficulties in transmitting power over long distances, Sommeiller developed ideas for the use of compressed-air machinery, first mooted by Daniel Colladon of Geneva in 1855; this also solved the problems of ventilation. He also decided to adapt the principle of his compressed-air ram to supply extra power to locomotives on steep gradients. In 1860 he took out a patent in France for a combined compressor-pump, and in 1861 his first percussion drill, mounted on a carriage, was introduced. Although it was of little use at first, Sommeiller improved his drill through trial and error, including the use of the diamond drill-crowns patented by Georges Auguste Leschot in 1862. The invention of dynamite by Alfred Nobel contributed decisively to the speedy completion of the tunnel by the end of 1870, several years ahead of schedule.[br]Further ReadingA.Schwenger-Lerchenfeld, 1884, Die Überschienung der Alpen, Berlin; reprint 1983, Berlin: Moers, pp. 60–77 (explains how the use of compressed air for rock drilling in the Mont Cénis tunnel was a complex process of innovations to which several engineers contributed).W.Bersch, 1898, Mit Schlägel und Eisen, Vienna: reprint 1985 (with introd. by W.Kroker), Dusseldorf, pp. 242–4.WK -
13 Thompson, Benjamin
[br]b. 11 April 1779 Eccleshall, Yorkshire, Englandd. 19 April 1867 Gateshead, England[br]English coal owner and railway engineer, inventor of reciprocal cable haulage.[br]After being educated at Sheffield Grammar School, Thompson and his elder brother established Aberdare Iron Works, South Wales, where he gained experience in mine engineering from the coal-and ironstone-mines with which the works were connected. In 1811 he moved to the North of England as Managing Partner in Bewicke's Main Colliery, County Durham, which was replaced in 1814 by a new colliery at nearby Ouston. Coal from this was carried to the Tyne over the Pelew Main Wagonway, which included a 1,992 yd (1,821 m) section where horses had to haul loaded wagons between the top of one cable-worked incline and the foot of the next. Both inclines were worked by stationary steam engines, and by installing a rope with a record length of nearly 1 1/2 miles (2.4 km), in 1821 Thompson arranged for the engine of the upper incline to haul the loaded wagons along the intervening section also. To their rear was attached the rope from the engine of the lower incline, to be used in due course to haul the empties back again.He subsequently installed this system of "reciprocal working" elsewhere, in particular in 1826 over five miles (8 km) of the Brunton \& Shields Railroad, a colliery line north of the Tyne, where trains were hauled at an average speed of 6 mph (10 km/h) including rope changes. This performance was better than that of contemporary locomotives. The directors of the Liverpool \& Manchester Railway, which was then being built, considered installing reciprocal cable haulage on their line, and then decided to stage a competition to establish whether an improved steam locomotive could do better still. This competition became the Rainhill Trials of 1829 and was decisively won by Rocket, which had been built for the purpose.Thompson meanwhile had become prominent in the promotion of the Newcastle \& Carlisle Railway, which, when it received its Act in 1829, was the longest railway so far authorized in Britain.[br]Bibliography1821, British patent no. 4602 (reciprocal working).1847, Inventions, Improvements and Practice of Benjamin Thompson, Newcastle upon Tyne: Lambert.Further ReadingW.W.Tomlinson, 1914, The North Eastern Railway, Newcastle upon Tyne: Andrew Reid (includes a description of Thompson and his work).R.Welford, 1895, Men of Mark twixt Tyne and Tweed, Vol. 3, 506–6.C.R.Warn, 1976, Waggonways and Early Railways of Northumberland, Newcastle upon Tyne: Frank Graham.——c. 1981, Rails between Wear \& Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne: Frank Graham.PJGR
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